https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24622 Chlorella vulgaris microalgae, and their blends under O₂/N₂ and O₂/CO₂ conditions were studied using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer-Mass Spectroscopy (TG-MS). During co-combustion of blends, three distinct peaks were observed and were attributed to C. vulgaris volatiles combustion, combustion of lignite, and combustion of microalgae char. Activation energy during combustion was calculated using iso-conventional method. Increasing the microalgae content in the blend resulted in an increase in activation energy for the blends combustion. The emissions of S- and N-species during blend fuel combustion were also investigated. The addition of microalgae to lignite during air combustion resulted in lower CO₂, CO, and NO₂ yields but enhanced NO, COS, and SO₂ formation. During oxy-fuel co-combustion, the addition of microalgae to lignite enhanced the formation of gaseous species.]]> Wed 27 Apr 2022 14:48:49 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47744 Wed 25 Jan 2023 15:49:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42042 Wed 17 Aug 2022 12:27:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46367 Wed 16 Nov 2022 08:58:48 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47150 Wed 14 Dec 2022 15:27:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50307 Wed 13 Mar 2024 07:46:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38198 Wed 11 Aug 2021 09:23:40 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50149 Wed 05 Jul 2023 14:11:46 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34925 Wed 05 Aug 2020 13:27:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38359 13C NMR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The carbon structure in coke generally is generally in the form of non-graphitic turbostratic structure, which exhibits isotropic property. There is a lack of information in terms of the 3D carbon structure model of coke/semi-coke and how these structures evolve from hydrocarbon sheets to more stable structures above 500 °C in the coke oven. This review also concludes future research scopes and the limitations of current knowledge.]]> Tue 31 Aug 2021 09:15:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54062 Tue 30 Jan 2024 13:56:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33628 Tue 27 Nov 2018 16:39:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38601 2- and sp³-bonded carbons. The results suggested that a dramatic chemical structure change took place during the stages following the plastic layers through to the coke/semi-coke regions. The chemical structure changes were strongly impacted by the properties of the parent coals. The carbon structure changes observed in XPS spectra were in good agreement with the aromatic ring condensation degree, which was indicated by the ratio of out-of-plane aromatic C-H to C=C bonds in aromatic rings. The results showed that the carbon structure evolution took place during the later stages of the thermoplastic ranges, forming the semi-coke.]]> Tue 27 Feb 2024 13:55:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47619 Tue 24 Jan 2023 12:25:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34922 Tue 21 Mar 2023 16:12:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54357 Tue 20 Feb 2024 16:26:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51809 Tue 19 Sep 2023 14:17:02 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40832 Tue 19 Jul 2022 10:47:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46263 2 emissions per unit energy generation. They represent some of the primary and intermediate solutions to the world’s energy security. Extensive numerical modeling efforts have been undertaken over the past several decades, which have increased our understanding of the technical problems in HELE boilers, including combustion and boiler performance optimization, ash deposition, and material problems at higher operating temperatures and pressures. Overall, the differences in the physical and chemical models, boiler performance, and ash deposition of oxy-fuel combustion in HELE boilers that recirculate CO₂ and H₂O in the boilers are also discussed in comparison with the combustion of coal in the air. This Review comprehensively summarizes the current research on numerical modeling to offer a better understanding of the technical aspects and provides future research requirements of HELE coal-fired boilers, including boiler performance optimization, ash deposition, and material problems. The effects of changes in the configuration and operating conditions are discussed, focusing on the optimization of boiler performance in aspects such as unburnt carbon and NOx emissions. The paper also reviews the retrofit and optimization of operating conditions and the burner geometry with the low-NOx coal combustion technologies necessary to operate the HELE power plants. In terms of ash deposition, the development of submodels, including particle sticking and impacting behaviors and their effects on the deposit growth predictions under different temperatures, are discussed. Numerical models of the material oxidation and creep in the austenitic and nickel-based alloys generally used in HELE conditions have been developed using the finite element method to predict the availability of advanced alloys and creep life in the actual service time of the boiler parts. The predictions of oxide scale growth and exfoliation on the steam-side and fire-side and the creep strength are analyzed. The review also identifies some further research requirements in numerical modeling to achieve the optimization of coal combustion processes and address the technical problems in advanced HELE power plant operations.]]> Tue 15 Nov 2022 08:05:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47032 Tue 13 Dec 2022 14:08:31 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46995 Tue 13 Dec 2022 10:03:30 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39309 d-spacing (111) plane, with a characteristic lattice fringe spacing of 0.25 nm. The growth mechanism of the SiC nanowhiskers followed two reaction pathways of vapor-solid (VS) and the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS). Increased CO and CO₂ concentrations due to the evolution of gaseous products (SiO and CO) from the reactive cellulose char led to the growth of SiC nanowhiskers under the solid-vapor mechanism. The presence of inherent metallic species, such as Fe in biochar was found to catalyze the formation and growth of SiC nanowhiskers.]]> Tue 09 Aug 2022 14:17:38 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42886 Tue 06 Sep 2022 11:58:22 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40076 Tue 05 Jul 2022 08:28:32 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34606 Tue 02 Apr 2019 16:42:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30924 Thu 30 Jan 2020 10:16:09 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45288 Thu 27 Oct 2022 13:45:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45312 Thu 27 Oct 2022 11:47:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37723 2 and polyaromatics during lignite pyrolysis under pressurized entrained-flow conditions. The pyrolysis temperature and pressure ranged between 600-900 ℃ and 0.1-4.0 MPa, respectively, and were found to greatly influence the yield and composition of pyrolysis products. The results showed that the concentration of H₂ in the light gas fraction increased drastically with pyrolysis temperature and pressure, reaching 91.69 vol% at 900 ℃ and 4.0 MPa, which corresponded to H₂ generation of 0.27 m³/kg coal. The yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene, biphenylene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene was also promoted at elevated pyrolysis temperatures and pressures. The highest PAHs concentration of 90.4 area% in the pyrolysis oil was obtained at 900 ℃ and 4.0 MPa. It was also found that the changes in the hydrogen distribution under pressurized entrained-flow conditions mainly took place during the secondary pyrolysis reactions. It was postulated that hydrogen was formed via aromatization, condensation, aromatic ring growth mechanism, and direct cleavage reactions. The findings of this study showed that lignite could be efficiently converted to H2-rich gas, PAHs as chemical raw materials, and energy-dense lignite char via a novel poly-generation system based on pressurized entrained-flow pyrolysis.]]> Thu 25 Mar 2021 12:33:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24619 Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:46:03 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38164 Thu 05 Aug 2021 11:17:45 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37537 Chlorella vulgaris was systematically investigated at the temperatures of 600–900 °C and pressures of 0.1–4.0 MPa. It was found that pressure had a profound impact on the transformation of nitrogen during pyrolysis. The nitrogen retention in bio-char and its content in bio-oil reached a maximum value at 1.0 MPa. The highest conversion of nitrogen (50.25 wt%) into bio-oil was achieved at 1.0 MPa and 800 °C, which was about 7 wt% higher than that at atmospheric pressure. Higher pressures promoted the formation of pyrrolic-N (N-5) and quaternary-N (N-Q) compounds in bio-oil at the expense of nitrile-N and pyridinic-N (N-6) compounds. The X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results on bio-chars clearly evidenced the transformation of N-5 structures into N-6 and N-Q structures at elevated pressures. The nitrogen transformation pathways during pyrolysis of microalgae were proposed and discussed.]]> Thu 04 Feb 2021 16:34:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18523 Sun 28 Jun 2015 11:13:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49214 Sun 07 May 2023 09:37:16 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31123 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18075 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21460 –1 region of infrared (IR) spectra. The density of alkyl chains and cross-linking reactions affected the yield of tar. The aromaticity of char increased with an increasing pyrolysis temperature. The abundance of C═O and COOH structures decreased drastically with increasing temperature. A lower concentration of active sites on high-temperature chars resulted in lower combustion reactivity compared to low-temperature chars. The C–O and C═C groups decreased as the temperature increased possibly because of the aromatic condensation. The extent of aromatic substitution decreased up to 650 °C. At temperatures above 650 °C, the degree of aromaticity was strengthened and larger condensed aromatic nuclei were formed. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that high-temperature chars have significantly higher surface area compared to chars produced at low temperatures. However, the concentration of active sites was lower in high-temperature chars. Therefore, it can be concluded that diffusion was the main reaction mechanism in high-temperature chars.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19069 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21484 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18735 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:02:46 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20359 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:13 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20358 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20287 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:08 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18400 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:52:34 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19434 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:51:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21018 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:50:32 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28001 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28002 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:40 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28825 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28829 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28659 Cu⁺ > Cu²⁺. Fe₃O₄ was believed to be the active phase in Fe catalyst. The oxygen and char-supported metal catalysts significantly promoted C/NO reaction, and therefore may lead to a lower operation temperature of NOₓ removal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26817 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30943 3O₄, Na2CO3, NaOH, and KOH for production of phenolic-rich bio-oil was investigated. The effects of catalyst type, pyrolysis temperature, and biomass/catalyst ratio on product distribution and composition were studied. Among four catalysts tested, Na₂CO₃ significantly increased the selectivity of phenolic compounds in bio-oil during microwave pyrolysis. The highest phenolics concentration of 57.36% (area) was obtained at 500 °C and PT:Na₂CO₃ ratio of 8: 1. The catalytic effect to produce phenolic compounds among all the catalysts tested can be summarized in the order Na₂CO₃>Fe₃O₄>KOH>NaOH. Using KOH and NaOH as catalyst resulted in formation of bio-oil with enhanced higher heating value (HHV) and lower oxygen content, indicating that these catalysts enhanced the deoxygenation of bio-oil. The scanning-electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis of char particles showed the melting of magnetite and vaporizationcondensation of mineral salt catalysts on char particle, which was attributed to extremely high local temperatures during microwave heating.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:41 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28934 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:26 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27240 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:29:12 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30879 I_D/I_G ratio decreased from 0.95 to 0.86, indicating higher order of the carbon layers of the HCNFs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed the presence of Fe, K, and Ca in HCNFs structure which may have played a catalytic role during their formation and growth. Mechanism of formation and growth of HCNFs under microwave irradiation were proposed and discussed. The HCNFs-coated bio-char has great potential for removal of heavy metals from waste water.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:36 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26575 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:11 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27068 Chlorella vulgaris showed higher content of nitrogen containing compounds compared to lignocellulosic biomass. The concentration of aromatic organic compounds such as phenol and its derivatives were increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature up to 700°C. FTIR analysis results showed that with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the concentration of OH, CH, CO, OCH₃, and CO functional groups in char decreased sharply.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:20 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26180 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24461 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24466 -1 for the CO₂ gasification of Morwell coal char. With 2 % Ca loading, the activation energy increased to 204.53 kJ mol^-1 due to lowering of the surface area. However, an order of magnitude increase in the pre-exponential factor indicated an increase in active reaction sites for the 2 % Ca-loaded sample, resulting in a net increase in gasification rate. 5 % Ca loading and 2 % Fe loading proved to be less effective in increasing the gasification rate. Analysis of the TG outlet gas also proved the effectiveness of 2 % Ca loading as a gasification catalyst.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23540 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:58 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23725 –1), aliphatic hydrogen (3000–2800 cm^–1), and carbonyl and aromatic carbon (1850–1500 cm^–1) adsorption regions. Following air drying, the IR adsorption of aliphatic structures decreased significantly, indicating that oxidation reaction mainly takes place on these structures. Carbonyl and carboxyl groups decreased up to 130 °C by 25.9% and 23.9%, respectively, and then significantly increased at higher temperatures due to oxidation. Drying of brown coals in nitrogen resulted in a significant increase in their aromaticity and a lower concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups. The loss of oxygen was confirmed by measuring the O/C ratio of raw and dried samples. The O/C ratio decreased by 30.8% and 40.7% for LY and YL coals, respectively, after drying at 200 °C for 10 min. Superheated steam fluidized-bed drying of both LY and YL coals showed the breakage of some weak aliphatic C–H structures. The decrease in adsorption of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carbonyl groups leads to loss of oxygen in both LY and YL steam-dried coals. Superheated steam drying of brown coals showed only minor changes to the coal organic structure as the aromatic carbon content remained relatively unchanged and aliphatic structures decreased negligibly.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:57 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24952 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:17 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24779 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:14:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23468 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:01 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23835 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:12:10 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24687 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:52 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25039 Eucalyptus pulverulenta (EP) was studied using a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range of 300-500 °C and the bio-oil composition was analyzed by using a GC-MS. The results showed that the highest bio-oil yield of 38.45 wt% was obtained at 400 °C in the presence of Na₂CO₃, and the concentration of methoxyaromatics reached the maximum value of 63.4%(area) in the bio-oil. The major methoxyaromatics identified in bio-oil were guaiacol, syringol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy phenol, and 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene. The analysis of gaseous products indicated that CO₂ was the major gas at low-temperatures and concentrations of H₂ and CH₄ increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Na₂CO₃ promoted the formation of methoxyaromatics, while NaOH seems to have enhanced the formation of phenolics. The mechanism of the formation of methoxyaromatics during pyrolysis of EP was proposed.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23235 3, and C-O functional groups in char samples decreased significantly after pyrolysis.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:39 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23989 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:10:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49967 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:48:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45120 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:48:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46994 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:42:05 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48385 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:40:33 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53251 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:27:06 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50951 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:24:44 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53603 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:21:19 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53576 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:20:35 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48582 Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:58:39 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43652 2H₂ addition (HACA) was postulated to be the mechanism of the formation of PAHs. The 4-ring PAHs (pyrene, fluoranthene) and 3-ring PAHs (phenanthrene, fluorene) were found to dominate the lignin bio-oil, while the bio-oil from cellulose and xylan mainly contained 2-ring PAHs (naphthalene). Elevated pressures and temperatures were also found to significantly increase the selectivity of H₂ in the bio-gas.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:50:37 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47513 Mon 23 Jan 2023 12:15:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47503 Mon 23 Jan 2023 12:08:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42309 c), interlayer spacing (d₀₀₂) and lateral size of the graphite structures (L_a) were used to evaluate the graphitic structures in chars. The results showed an increase in L_c,, L_a, and the average number of graphene sheets with pyrolysis pressure, indicating a more ordered carbon structure at elevated pressures. The d-spacing of char was in the range of 3.34-3.37 Å, similar to typical graphitic structures.]]> Mon 22 Aug 2022 09:14:19 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40747 Mon 18 Jul 2022 13:26:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40746 Mon 18 Jul 2022 13:26:25 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50947 Mon 14 Aug 2023 14:29:30 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50228 Mon 10 Jul 2023 11:13:00 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40018 Mon 04 Jul 2022 09:08:41 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40192 Fri 29 Jul 2022 15:46:35 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40041 2. The influence of the concentrations of NO and O₂ on the oxidation of NO was investigated. Besides, the changes in the reaction rate with the particle size of the catalysts were investigated to determine the internal diffusion resistance. The surface area and microcrystalline structure of the catalysts were analyzed to investigate the impact of physical structure on SO₂ poisoning in the catalyst. It was observed that Co doping in Mn/TiO₂ had a favorable impact on reducing the effect of SO₂ poisoning during the NO oxidation reaction. On the basis of the kinetic study, it was concluded that the reaction followed the Langmuir−Hinshelwood (L-H) mechanism, where NO and O₂ were adsorbed on the catalyst, forming highly reactive NO⁺ and O⁻, which were then converted into NO₂. The Co doping into the TiO₂ crystal lattice increased the O₂ adsorption, thus accelerating the rate of NO oxidation reaction.]]> Fri 22 Jul 2022 13:14:04 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50924 Fri 11 Aug 2023 15:46:43 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39316 Fri 03 Jun 2022 15:21:26 AEST ]]>